Mastering Present Tense and Sentence Structuring

“Tense" means the time at which an action or situation occurs. There are three types: present, past, and future. 

Just as we can categorize time into three types, similarly, based on the completeness of an action, we can divide the completion of a task into four types.

1. Continuous

The task that is not yet completed and is ongoing.

Ex :

I am going 

He was going 

2. Indefinite

Tasks about which it cannot be said whether they have been completed or not, such as someone going to school every day.

I go to school every day.

I used to go to school every day.

3. Perfect

Tasks that have been completely finished.

I have gone to Patna.

I had gone to Patna.

4. Perfect Continuous 

Tasks that are not yet complete, but their duration is known.

I have been waiting for four hours.

I had been waiting for four hours.

If these two concepts are combined, any event can be categorized in only 12 ways based on the combination of actions and time.

Present indefinite

Present Continuous

Present perfect

Present perfect continuous

Past indefinite

Past Continuous

Past perfect

Past perfect continuous

Future indefinite

Future Continuous

Future perfect

Future perfect continuous

That means all sentences spoken in the English language fall into these 12 categories based on the combination of actions and time.

 the rules governing the creation of sentences in these 12 categories are grouped into sets, which are referred to as Tenses.

PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE:

Sentences in the Present Indefinite Tense describe routine, habits, and general actions in the present.

Ex:

I go to Patna every Sunday.

He eats bread.

in the Present Indefinite Tense, sentences can be of four types, and there is a standard way to form them.

Affirmative sentence:

I go to Patna.

Syntex:

Sub + v1 + [s,es] + object

I + Go + to patna

Negative sentence:

I do not go to Patna.

Syntex:

Sub + do/ does + not + v1+ object

I + do + not + go + to patna

Interrogative sentence:

Do I go to patna?

Syntex:

Do / does + sub + v1 + object + ?

Do + I + go + to patna

Double interrogative :

Why do I go to patna?

Syntex:

Wh Q + do / does + sub + v1 + object

Why +  do + I + go + to patna

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE:

Sentences in the Present Indefinite Tense describe ongoing actions in the present that are not yet completed.

Ex:

I am going to Patna.

He is only eating bread.

In the Present Continuous Tense, sentences can be of four types, and there is a standard way to form them.

Affirmative sentence:

I am going to patna 

Syntex:

Sub + is / am / are +  v1 + ing + object

I + am +  Go + ing + to patna

Negative sentence:

I am not going to patna 

Syntex:

Sub + is / am / are + not + v1 + ing+ object

I + am + not + go + ing + to patna

Interrogative sentence:

Am I going to patna 

Syntex:

Is / am / are + sub + v1 + ing + object + ?

Am + I + go + ing + to patna +?

Double interrogative :

Why am I going to patna 

Syntex:

Wh Q + is / am / are + sub + v1 + ing  + object

Why +  am  + I + go + ing + to patna

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:

In the Present Perfect Tense, sentences describe actions that occurred in the past but have an impact or relevance in the present; these actions are already completed.

Ex:

I have gone to Patna.

He has only eaten bread.

In the Present Perfect Tense, sentences can be of four types, and there is a standard way to form them.

Affirmative sentence:

I have gone to Patna.

Syntex:

Sub + has / have+  V3+  object

I + have +  Gone  + to patna

Negative sentence:

I have not gone to patna 

Syntex:

Sub + has /have  + not + V3 +  object

I + have + not + gone  + to patna

Interrogative sentence:

Have I gone to patna 

Syntex:

Has / have  + sub + V3 + object + ?

Have + I + gone  + to patna +?

Double interrogative :

Why have I gone to patna 

Syntex:

Wh Q + has /have + sub + V3 + object

Why +  have  + I + gone +  to patna

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE:

In the Present Perfect Tense, sentences describe actions that have occurred in the present, are not yet completed, and the duration of their initiation is known.

Ex:

I have been going to Patna for 4 years.

In the Present Perfect Continuous Tense, sentences can be of four types, and there is a standard way to form them.

Affirmative sentence:

I have been going to Patna for 4 years.

Syntex:

Sub + has / have + been +  V1+ ing +  object + since / for + time

I + have + been + Go +ing + to patna + for 4 years

Negative sentence:

I have not been going to Patna for 4 years.

Syntex:

Sub + has /have + not + been + V1 +  ing+ object + since / for + time

I + have + not + been + going   + to patna + for + 4 years 

Interrogative sentence:

Have I been going to Patna for 4 years?

Syntex:

Has / have  + sub +been +  V1 + ing  + object + since / for + time ?

Have + I + been + go + ing   + to patna +for + 4 years ?

Double interrogative :

मै 4 साल से पटना क्यू जा रहा  हूं ?

Why have I been going to Patna for 4 years?

Syntex:

Wh Q + has /have + sub + been  + V1 + ing +object + since / for + time.

Why +  have  + I + been + go + ing +  to patna + for + 4 years